Cine a inventat internetul?
Cu totii folosim internetul in viata de zi cu zi. Indiferent ca folosim un laptop, un smartphone sau o tableta, in fiecare zi accesam internetul in diferite scopuri.
Unele persoane cauta informatii despre starea vremii pe internet. Alte persoane aleg sa foloseasca internetul pentru a afla cele mai noi stiri, in timp ce multi altii sunt cei care folosesc cel mai mult internetul pentru a socializa cu prietenii de pe retelele de socializare.
Internetul este foarte important si la locul de munca, iar foarte multe companii ar fi moarte in ziele noastre fara acces la internet. Aici putem include si marile magazine online, agentiile SEO, iar exemplele pot continua.
Daca nu ar fi existat internetul, astazi nu ar fi existat Google, Facebook, Twiter, Youtube, Instagram, bloggeri si vloggeri, magazine online, agentii seo, etc. Ei bine, dar v-ati intrebat oare cine a inventat internetul? Stiti oare cand a aparut internetul? Toate aceste detalii le puteti afla in randurile care urmeaza.
Internetul a fost munca a zeci de oameni de stiinta, programatori si ingineri pionieri care au dezvoltat fiecare noi caracteristici si tehnologii care s-au contopit pentru a deveni „super-autostrada informatiei” pe care o cunoastem astazi.
Cu mult inainte de existenta tehnologiei pentru a construi de fapt internetul, multi oameni de stiinta au anticipat deja existenta retelelor de informatii la nivel mondial. Nikola Tesla s-a jucat cu ideea unui „sistem wireless mondial” la inceputul anilor 1900, iar ganditori vizionari precum Paul Otlet si Vannevar Bush au conceput sisteme de stocare mecanizate si cautabile de carti si media in anii 1930 si 1940.
Totusi, primele scheme practice pentru internet nu ar ajunge pana la inceputul anilor ’60, cand JCR Licklider a MIT a popularizat ideea unei „retele intergalactice” de calculatoare. La scurt timp dupa aceea, mai multi informaticieni au reusit sa dezvolte conceptul de „comutare de pachete”, o metoda de transmitere eficienta a datelor electronice care ulterior va deveni unul dintre elementele majore ale internetului.
Primul prototip viabil al Internetului a venit la sfarsitul anilor ’60 odata cu crearea ARPANET sau a retelei Agentiei de Cercetari Avansate. Finantat initial de Departamentul Apararii al SUA, ARPANET a folosit comutarea de pachete pentru a permite mai multor calculatoare sa comunice pe o singura retea.
La 29 octombrie 1969, ARPAnet a transmis primul sau mesaj: o comunicare „nod-la-nod” de la un computer la altul. (Primul computer se afla intr-un laborator de cercetare la UCLA, iar cel de-al doilea se afla la Stanford; fiecare avea dimensiunea unei case mici.) Mesajul – „LOGIN” – era scurt si simplu, dar oricum a prabusit reteaua ARPA. Calculatorul Stanford a primit doar primele doua scrisori ale notei.
Tehnologia a continuat sa creasca in anii ’70, dupa ce oamenii de stiinta Robert Kahn si Vinton Cerf au dezvoltat Protocolul de control al transmisiei si Protocolul Internet, sau TCP / IP, un model de comunicatii care stabilea standarde pentru modul in care datele pot fi transmise intre mai multe retele.
ARPANET a adoptat TCP / IP la 1 ianuarie 1983, iar de acolo cercetatorii au inceput sa asambleze „reteaua de retele” care a devenit Internetul modern. Lumea online a luat apoi o forma mai recunoscuta in 1990, cand informaticianul Tim Berners-Lee a inventat World Wide Web. Desi este adesea confundat cu internetul in sine, web-ul este de fapt doar cel mai obisnuit mijloc de accesare a datelor online sub forma de site-uri si hyperlink-uri.
Web-ul a ajutat la popularizarea internetului in randul publicului si a servit ca un pas crucial in dezvoltarea vastei informatii la care majoritatea dintre noi acceseaza zilnic.
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